{"id":11532,"date":"2023-05-31T10:25:03","date_gmt":"2023-05-31T08:25:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/staging.haecker-automation.de\/?p=11532"},"modified":"2023-11-06T13:18:31","modified_gmt":"2023-11-06T12:18:31","slug":"jet-dispensing-basics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/en\/jet-dispensing-basics\/","title":{"rendered":"Jet-Dispensing basics"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"11532\" class=\"elementor elementor-11532 elementor-6296\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-540715ec e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"540715ec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d06507a elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d06507a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jet-Dispensing basics<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55cd55f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"55cd55f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37819e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"37819e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3c9758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e3c9758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jet-Dispensing basics\n\n\n\n\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcc16b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dcc16b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/sms518478f1_lr.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"sms518478f1_lr\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjI4NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2t1cnR6LWVyc2Etc21hcnQtcHJvZHVjdGlvbi5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA1XC9zbXM1MTg0NzhmMV9sci5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"334\" src=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/sms518478f1_lr.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-6286\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/sms518478f1_lr.jpg 550w, https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/sms518478f1_lr-300x182.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-654952f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"654952f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><strong><span class=\"md-plain\">Fig. 1<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"md-plain\"> The Principle of Jet-Dispensing depicted in three steps [Lu et al., 2015, Smart Materials and Structures, 24, 10]<\/span><\/p><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">The combination of special jet valves and a well defined feed pressure on the dispensing fluid causes the formation of a so called &#8220;jet&#8221; as depicted in Fig. 2. The &#8220;jet&#8221; it-self is defined as a droplet flying from the nozzle of the valve to the substrate. The dispensing material is often feeded from a standard cartridge. Regarding the formation of the jet droplet there are two different operation modes:<\/span><\/p><ul class=\"ul-list\" data-mark=\"-\"><li class=\"md-list-item\"><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">droplet generating dispensing<\/span><\/p><\/li><li class=\"md-list-item md-focus-container\"><p class=\"md-end-block md-p md-focus\"><span class=\"md-plain\">jet forming dispensing<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">The &#8220;droplet generating dispensing&#8221; mode is mainly based on a tappet moving within few milliseconds in and out of a seal seat. Below the tappet there is a nozzle with only few hundred mircometers in diameter. During the tappet moves out the feed pressure fills the seal seat with the dispensing fluid. Because of the tappet movement onto the seal seat with a very high velocity, the fluid is push with high pressure through the nozzle. The transfered momentum from the tappet to the fluid works as an additional acceleration force. Thus, beside the feed pressure the tappet stroke, the opening time as well as the closing velocity have similar dependency on the droplet formation [1]. This is why this mode also works at relatively low feed pressures (\u22651bar).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b302b99 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b302b99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Droplet-Formation.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Droplet-Formation\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjMwMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2t1cnR6LWVyc2Etc21hcnQtcHJvZHVjdGlvbi5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA1XC9Ecm9wbGV0LUZvcm1hdGlvbi5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"343\" height=\"140\" src=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Droplet-Formation.png\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 wp-image-6302\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Droplet-Formation.png 343w, https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Droplet-Formation-300x122.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 343px) 100vw, 343px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf7716f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bf7716f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><strong><span class=\"md-plain\">Fig. 2<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"md-plain\"> Droplet formation in dependency of the Weber and Ohnesorge number a) We =1 7,4 b) We = 7,9 (no jet) c) On = 1,9 d) On = 0,1 [2]<\/span><\/p><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">In contrast, the &#8220;jet forming dispensing&#8221; only uses the feed pressure in order to for an elongated droplet named jet. This mode requires a much longer nozzle opening time and higher feed pressure compared to the first one. Moreover, there are also fewer adjustable parameters like closing velocity or tappet stroke [1].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"md-end-block md-p md-focus\"><span class=\"md-plain\">However, the droplet generating dispensing mode is the most used one in micro assembly industry. The reason for this is that this mode allows much smaller dispensing volumes (\u22641nl) compared to the jet forming dispensing.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4bc6fe elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a4bc6fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/We-Re-dependancy.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"We-Re-dependancy\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6NjMwNCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2t1cnR6LWVyc2Etc21hcnQtcHJvZHVjdGlvbi5jb21cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjNcLzA1XC9XZS1SZS1kZXBlbmRhbmN5LnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"489\" height=\"355\" src=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/We-Re-dependancy.png\" class=\"attachment-2048x2048 size-2048x2048 wp-image-6304\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/We-Re-dependancy.png 489w, https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/We-Re-dependancy-300x218.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 489px) 100vw, 489px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bdb43c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bdb43c5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"md-end-block md-p md-focus\"><strong><span class=\"md-plain\">Fig. 3<\/span><\/strong><span class=\"md-plain\"> Dependency of the Weber and Reynolds number on the dispensed droplet form<\/span><\/p><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">As depicted in Fig. 3 the droplet or jet formation mainly depends on the a critical Weber number We~c~. The Weber number is a dimensionless number and is defined as the ratio surface tension energy and the kinetic energy of the fluid. Regarding a fluid of density \u03c1, surface tension \u03c3 and viscosity \u03b7, which has to be dispensed from a circular shaped nozzle with diameter D with velocity v, the equation describing the Weber number reads:<\/span><\/p><div id=\"mathjax-n18\" class=\"mathjax-block md-end-block md-math-block md-rawblock\" spellcheck=\"false\"><div class=\"md-rawblock-container md-math-container\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"MathJax_SVG_Display\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-6305\" src=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/foremel1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"321\" height=\"73\" \/><\/div><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">Above the critical Weber number Wec the kinetic energy of the droplet is sufficient to negotiate its surface tension in order to leave the nozzle of the jet valve. If the kinetic energy is too low, the droplet will not reach the fluid breakup regime and stay attached to the nozzle. This mainly occurs for We &lt; We~c~. Low viscosity fluids mainly have a critical Weber number of We~c~=12 [2].<\/span><\/p><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">Regarding high viscosity fluids the Ohnesorge number Oh has to be regarded in order to make a decission if the material is suitable for jet dispensing. The Ohnesorge number is defined as ratio between the surface tension energy and the energy which dissipates during the flight phase of the droplet. The Ohnesorge number can be derived from the Weber number We and the Reynolds number Re and is defined as<\/span><\/p><div id=\"mathjax-n21\" class=\"mathjax-block md-end-block md-math-block md-rawblock\" spellcheck=\"false\"><div class=\"md-rawblock-container md-math-container\" tabindex=\"-1\"><div class=\"MathJax_SVG_Display\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-6307\" src=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/foremel2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"271\" height=\"96\" \/><\/div><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">Increasing Ohnesorge numbers are correlated with an increased tendency of stringing. This is mainly influenced by the material parameters dynamic viscosity \u03b7, density\u00a0\u03c1 and surface tension\u00a0\u03c3 as shown by the equation above. Moreover, the required velocity directly correlates with the viscosity.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">After the droplet leaves the nozzle its shape ideally is constant in order to reach a defined dispensing result. This behavior is quite complicated to reach and only exist in small parameter ranges. These regimes of deformation of the droplet during the flight phase are depicted in Fig. 3. Figure 3 also depicts that no jet formation occurs below the critical Weber number Wec.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">In the range of We~c~ \u2264 We\u00a0\u2264 3We~c~ a jet will be formed but the parts of the droplet will be returned to the nozzle. This is critical for the following dispensing. This behavior can be described by the Rayleigh breakup regime.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">Thus, the range of\u00a0 3We~c~ \u2264 We\u00a0\u2264 4We~c~ might be the optimal range for jet-dispensing within the so called Droplet-on-Demand Regime <\/span><span class=\"md-link md-meta-i-c\"><a href=\"#\" data-ref=\"3\"><span class=\"md-plain\">2<\/span><\/a><span class=\"md-plain\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">For We \u2265 4We~c~ the fluid tends to atomize due to the high velocities. This status is defined as the atomization regime.<\/span><\/p><\/div><h3 class=\"md-end-block md-heading\"><span class=\"md-plain\">References<\/span><\/h3><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">[1] T. Lindemann, \u201eDroplet Generation From the Nanoliter to the Femtoliter Range,\u201c Freiburg i. Br, 2006.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"md-end-block md-p md-focus\"><span class=\"md-plain\">[2] P. K. a. R. Zengerle, \u201eNON-CONTACT NANOLITER &amp; PICOLITER LIQUID DISPENSING,\u201c University of Freiburg, Freiburg.<\/span><\/p><p class=\"md-end-block md-p\"><span class=\"md-plain\">[3] L. S. L. Y. Yao Yufeng, \u201eSimulation and Experiment Research of Non-contact Micro-liquid Reagent Dispensing,\u201c Harbin, 150001, China, 2012.<\/span><\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64a4a0a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"64a4a0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jet-Dispensing basics Fig. 1 The Principle of Jet-Dispensing depicted in three steps [Lu et al., 2015, Smart Materials and Structures, 24, 10] The combination of special jet valves and a well defined feed pressure on the dispensing fluid causes the formation of a so called &#8220;jet&#8221; as depicted in Fig. 2. The &#8220;jet&#8221; it-self is [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6299,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dosieren-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Jet-Dispensing basics | Kurtz Ersa Smart Production GmbH<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kurtz-ersa-smart-production.com\/en\/jet-dispensing-basics\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Jet-Dispensing basics | Kurtz Ersa Smart Production GmbH\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Jet-Dispensing basics Fig. 1 The Principle of Jet-Dispensing depicted in three steps [Lu et al., 2015, Smart Materials and Structures, 24, 10] The combination of special jet valves and a well defined feed pressure on the dispensing fluid causes the formation of a so called &#8220;jet&#8221; as depicted in Fig. 2. 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